System Thinking and Action Research

System conjecture and implement enquiry Susan M Ross Dr. Tyler Zerwekh September 15, 2012 Abstract national wellness practices and policies be largely regularised by the population abstr physical exercise and seek to repair the over exclusively wellness of the unrestricted. Achieving triumph in systems view claims making strategic finishs virtually what carry throughes will outmatch achieve the world health goals. Systems possible doing t for each oneing applied science Systems Theory diminish judgments the sexual relationship between entropy systems, and teaching technology, and people. performance Research is apply in the field of public health to still adverse conditions in communities by addressing the determinants of health, fraternity-wide interventions, and health promotion. Examples of Action Research evaluate the data processor system and health data technology and health collaboration groups as well as promotion of schooling health focus inging techniques. An tension on relationship is the heart of systems orientation.Systems thinking involving humans require an understand of the nature of the system and its dynamics requires and an understanding of the people involved and the inter implement with each other in the relevant network of the system. Action Research is a participatory, democratic process concerned with developing pragmatical knowledge in the pursuit of worth man human conclusions, theory and practice, in intimacy with others in the pursuit of practical solutions to issues of pressing concern to people, and to a greater extent generally the flourishing of individual persons and communities. Reason & Bradbury, 2001). This paper will surrender a demonstration of a thorough analysis of a systems theory, put to death mechanism query, and an fulfill question proposal to analyze the theory in relation to gabardine socio-economic group. Systems Theory Fundamental systems-thinking persuasions and a pproaches that are shared across contrary field are (1) increased attention to how new knowledge is ained, managed, ex varyd, interpreted, integrated, and disseminated (2) emphasis on a network-centric approach that encourages relationship-building among and between individuals and organizations across traditional disciplines and fields in order to achieve relevant goals and objectives (3) the development of models and depictions, using a variety of analytic approaches in order to modify strategic decision making and (4) systems organizing in order to foster improvements in organizational structures and functions (Leischow, et. al, 2008).Achieving success in systems thinking requires making strategic decisions about what processes will best achieve the public health goals for the designated population and how new discoveries bed be disseminated effectively, and what structures and functions are needed to deliver the new knowledge. Effective knowledge fertilize results in better network performance, which allow for the achievement of systems-level tack. Systems organizing wipe out evolved from traditional management theory to a acquire organizational theory, or an adaptive-systems perspective within other systems environments. instruction Technology Systems Theory training Systems (IS) theory is de? ned as concepts that speculate on well-disposed and technical relationships between Information Technology, Information Systems and social outcomes. Much IS theory originated in other disciplines and has been re? ned or applied to examine IT/IS issues. IS theory would withal be classified as to include the technology acceptance model (TAM) and structuration theory and IT productivity models as applied to IS/IT phenomena (Chiasson, Davidson,2004) . Over the past days public health systems beget evolved significantly.As individualised computers became more than than(prenominal) powerful and operating systems became more usable with the sexual climax of Microsoft Windows, electronic computer information systems were updated to make function of more modern features, capabilities and software. human race health agencies began to recognize that information technology was a licit order for investment to improve their ability to perform core public health functions. As agencies began to upgrade replace or create new systems that were more robust and specialized using modern database management systems and tools on more reliable platforms, and the Internet began to come into its own.The Center for Disease Control promoted its original System wide area communication and system integration projects through and through its Information Network for Public Health Officials (INPHO) initiative in 1993. (Artz, Salkowitz, 2007). Computer technology moved fairly rapidly from the glass confines of the utilise computer room to the general- aspire office. Over the past thirty years standards for technology hold back become an important fixt ure of organizational compute life.Enforcement of standards too varies greatly depending on the political support for Information Technology (IT). As applications became more network-aware and network dependent, the need to leverage network investments became critical. Public health agencies became more ambitions as technology became more enabling. Computer Information Technology has a lot to propose Public Health agencies exist data gravels whitethorn be amalgamated and population-based, including experiences negotiating data share agreements and memoranda of understanding.With advancing technology national and international standards are being quickly developed to guide this functionality. (Artz, Salkowitz, 2007). Standards with compliance for patient information data sharing among different agencies, and back-up systems in the event of system failure and crisis are also among the concerns for globalizing Information Systems. Action Research Action look for is a collaborat ive approach to search that provides people with the substance to score systematic action in an effort to resolve specific problems.Action look into focuses on methods and techniques of probe that jam into musical score the case populations history, culture, active activities and steamy lives. Although action research makes use of umteen traditional data-gathering strategies, its orientation and purpose are slightly different. The basic action research procedural tour involves four stages (1) identifying the research question (s), (2) gathering the information to answer the questions (s), (3) analyzing and reading the information and (4) sharing the results with the participants (Berg, 2004).Action Research is apply in the field of public health to alleviate adverse conditions in communities by addressing the determinants of health, community-wide interventions, and health promotion. Indeed, action research is less a methodology and more a set of guidelines for the role s of the detective and collaborators, interweaving theory and action and the function of the research knowledge.There are many subtle variations and iterations of action research, but a gross distinction could be made between action research that is conducted by a researcher implementing an intervention at a community level for the dual purposes of change and knowledge outcomes versus community based participatory action research where those unnatural by the change and other important stakeholders participate in all stages of the research from design, implementation, and data gathering to analysis.Participatory action research approaches often moderate the additional goal of promoting critical consciousness where through cyclical stages of colloquy participants attain a greater understanding of their situation, which in turn may result in political or major social change (Mullett, Fletcher, 20). Critics of Participatory Action Research (PAR) have questioned whether the reality o f participatory research is i convey for promoting a vigorous community.The actors line of participation in health promotion research, and the inattention to gender, social and cultural (as in the use of worldwide terms like the oppressed) differences in participation in research processes do not always comport with the outcome values of PAR. Further, while participatory approaches can disturb capacity building and community development, they can also bring unequal players to an uneven table to participate in difficult predetermined decision making (Minkler, 2000).Action research also called participatory research is an alternative philosophy of social research. Three particular attributes are often employ to distinguish participatory research from conventional research shared ownership of research projects, community-based analysis of social problems, and an orientation toward community action. Critical action research expresses a commitment to bring unitedly broad social ana lysisthe self-reflective collective self-study of practice, the way in which speech is used, organization and power in a local situation, and action to improve things.Critical action research is strongly represented in the literatures of readingal action research, and there it emerges from dissatisfactions with classroom action research that typically does not take a broad view of the role of the relationship between education and social change. Critical action research has attempted to take account of disadvantage attributable to gender and ethnicity as well as to social class in its initial point of reference (Kimmis, McTaggart, 2007). Examples of Action Research Lau and Hayward (1997) used an action research approach in a study to explore the structure of Internet-based collaborative work groups.Over a two-year period, the researchers participated as facilitators in three action research cycles of problem-solving among approximately 15 instructors and project staff, and 25 heal th professionals from various regions striving to make a renewing to a more community-based health program. The aim was to explore how Internet-based communications would influence their evolution into a virtual collaborative workgroup. The first phase was interpreted up with defining expectations, providing the technology and developing the customized workgroup system.The next phase cut the full deployment of the system, and the main lesson learned was that the steepness of the learning curve was bad underestimated, with frustrations only minimally satisfied by a great deal of technical support provided by telephone. The final cycle saw the stabilization of the system and the emergence of the virtual groups. The interpretations of the study suggest that role clarity, relationship building, information sharing, resource support, and experiential learning are important aspects in virtual group development.There was also a sense that more research was needed on how group support s ystems can help groups interact with their external environment, as well as on how to enhance the process of learning by group members. Comstock and Fox (1995) have written about their experiences in integrating computer conferencing into a learning community for mid-career on the job(p) adults attending a Graduate Management Program at Antioch University in Seattle. Their findings relate to establishing boundaries to interaction, creating a caring community, and building collaborative learning.Students were expected to use the system for collaborative learning using three forms of conversation dialogue, handling and critical reflection. Dialogues were enjoined as a result of attempts to relate classroom lessons to personal situations at work, with a better understanding provided by multiple opinions. Discussions, expansive by the goal of making a group decision or taking an action, required a fair degree of moderation, insofar as participants found it difficult to reach closure .The process of reflecting critically on ideas was also difficult participants rarely took the clip to analyze postings, preferring a more immediate, and more superficial, conversational style. The authors conclude with four recommendations 1) be clear about the purpose of the computer conference and expectations for use 2) develop incentives for widespread and continuous participation 3) pay attention to affects of the software on the way the system is used for learning and 4) teach members of the community how to translate face-to-face collaborative processes to the on-line environment (Reason, & Bradbury, 2001).Action Research Proposal The Affordable Care Act calls for a greater reliance on the internet as a means of communicating health and coverage information, yet variations in the current usage of the internet by some populations have important implications for implementation. Based on the results of The Washington Post, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University Race and RecessionSurvey(2011),six in 10 adults boilersuit say they have ever used the Internet to rile health information, and nettle differs by race andincome.Forty-three percent of Hispanics report having ever used the Internet to access health information, while 56 percent of b deficiencys and 65 percent of whites report doing so. The differences are even more striking among those with trim down incomes. Just three in ten Hispanics with incomes under $40,000 say they have ever used the Internet to access health information, compared with 44 percent of blacks and half of whites with similar incomes. More than 70 000 websites disseminate health information in excess of 50 million people seek health information online, with likely consequences for the health care system.The Internet offers widespread access to health information, and the advantages of interactivity, information tailoring and anonymity. However, access is inequitable and use is hindered pass on by navigational challenges due to numerous design features (e. g. disorganization, technical language and lack of permanence). Increasingly, critics question the quality of online health information limited research indicates that much is inaccurate. Meager information-evaluation skills add to consumers vulnerability, and reinforce the need for quality standards and widespread criteria for evaluating health information (Kline, Haynes, 2001).An action research project evaluating the effects of the information technology theory on Caucasians over a period of time would be helpful in providing evidence based research for the Information Technology Systems Theory. The research project would review a group of Caucasian males and females in the same age range, the same level of computer skills and education. The focus of the research is to determine if the majority of access to healthcare was through the use of Information Technology would it create a healthier group past a group with minimal access to healthcare period.The group would be evaluated for a year. During the time frame the group would have an in-person look with a doctor once every six months except for an emergency. The chat would include a complete physical and required wellness checks. redirect examination visits would be via Skye or video-conferencing. The group would be deemed physically and mentally rifle excluding family history of health issues. The group would be given a pass to a fitness center for a year to maintain their health, and would have to maintain contact with a nutritionist and their physician via the computer electronic mail o a regular basis.The group would also have access to the Internet anytime they want for the evaluation time. The rest of the environmental and social aspects would be determined by each participate of the research project, meaning that each participates could be local or global as pertinacious as there is consistent monitoring of the all of the participates. The evalu ation would incorporate Action Research and Critical Action research as some instances would take into account the social economic place of the participants. Given that the largest percentage of whites used the computer and there is a large portion of people that lack access to healthcare in all races.Minimizing variables, such as computer knowledge and education levels and providing all necessary tools to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Researchers would have options to focus the variable changes if there are any on the social economic condition of the individual participants. In conclusion Systems thinking involving humans require an understanding of the nature of the system and its dynamics requires and an understanding of the people involved and the interaction with each other in the applicable network of the system.Public health agencies began to recognize that information technology was a legitimate target for investment to improve their ability to perform core public health fu nctions. Computer Information Technology has a lot to offer Public Health agencies existing data sets may be consolidated and population-based, including experiences negotiating data sharing agreements and memoranda of understanding. Action research approaches can stimulate capacity building and community development in designated social status groups if the focus is correctly designated. References Arzt, N. H. Salkowitz, S. M (2007), Evolution of public health information systems Enterprise-wide approaches, p4-6, 11-13, 18-22. Berg, B. L. , (2004), Qualitative research methods for the social sciences, retrieved on August 23, 2012, from http//digilib. bc. edu/reserves/sc210/piat/sc21007. pdf Chaisson, M. W. , Davidson, E. , (2004), button the contextual envelope developing and diffusing IS theory for health information systems research, Elsevier Ltd. pg 157, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http//www. butlercommonplace. org/thoughts/images/d/d0/Chiasson_et_al_2004__Info_and_Or g. df Comstock, D. , Fox, S. , (1995), Computer conferencing in a learning community opportunities obstacles. http//www. seattleantioch. edu/VirtualAntioch/DRAFT7HT. HTM (14/04/1998). Kemmis, S. , McTaggart, R, (2007), Participatory action research, Communicative action and the public sphere, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http//www. corwin. com/upm-data/21157_Chapter_10. pdf Cline, R. J. W. , & Haynes, K. M. , (2001) Consumer health information seeking on the Internet the conjure up of the art, Oxford Journals, Volume, 16, Issue 6, pp671-692, etrieved on September 13, 2012, from http//her. oxfordjournals. org/content/16/6/671. long Lau, F. , and Hayward, F. (1997). Structuration of Internet-based collaborative work groups through action research. Retrieved on September 13, 2012 from http//search. ahfmr. ab. ca/tech_eval/gss. htm (11/4/1998). Leischow, S. J (2008), Systems thinking to improve the publics health, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, retrieved on Septemb er 9, 2012, from http//dccps. nci. nih. gov/brp/scienceteam/ajpm/SystemsThinkingImprovePublicsHealth. pdf. Mullett, J. Fletcher, S. , (2011), Action research in public health, Oxford Index, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http//oxfordindex. oup. com/view/10. 1093/obo/9780199756797-0018 Minkler, M. , (2000) Using participatory action research to build healthy communities, Public health reports, Focus on healthy communities. Retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1308710/pdf/pubhealthrep00022-0089. pdf Reason, P. , Bradbury, H. (2001). Handbook of action research participative interrogative sentence and practice. London SAGE. 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